Page 202 - Art-Addiction

only a very small number of reCePtIVIty condition, to a satisfactory ably modified and ameliorated,
impressions, numeration and In printing terminology, a sur- aesthetic state. restoration is has become one of the four
a certificate of authenticity will face is said to be receptive if it now considered an aspect of most important methods of
make it qualify. retains the ink well. The word is conservation. modern printing. Contemporary
PrINtING applied to the rollers, the paper, reVerse, IN artists have made much use of
The action of making a print or the plates to be inked. Too 1. The design of a print is it as a printmaking technique.
on a support, whether it be of much ink makes the impression always drawn in the reverse The principle of screenprinting
paper or of any other material, heavy and thick, too little will sense on the block, plate or consists in applying stencils to
from a block, plate or stone or render it pale and irregular. stone, so that it will print the a screen (constructed of silk or
through a screen, in any of the receptivity is also applicable correct way round. of some synthetic or metallic
printmaking procedures. to the rubber rollers used in 2. An image is reversed in all material), in such a way that
PrINtING eLeMeNt offset lithography, as well as printing procedures except when ink is applied it is pre-
The part which is inked and to a freshly glued surface in its screenprinting. The engraver, vented from passing through
produces the impression when “receptivity” of the other sur- lithographer or woodcutter some parts whilepenetrating
printed, i.e. the block, plate, face which is to adhere to it. must, accordingly, always the rest of the screen, thereby
stone or screen. reCto work in reverse to his original printing an image on paper
Proof 1. The front of an object. design; a mirror is sometimes placed underneath. The screen
In a general sense, this word 2. The right hand page of an employed as an aid. is stretched across a frame
has been used to indicate any open book or manuscript. reWorK and attached to a base in such
impression of a print. strictly reGIstratIoN When part of the printing ele- a manner that it can readily
speaking, it should be limited Owing to the number of plates ment has been corrected or move up and down, so that
to those impressions pulled or blocks, etc., used in color touched up. paper can be easily placed and
by the artist to prove or test printing, a careful registration is roULette removed as required. For each
his work, whether before or required to ensure that An engraver’s tool, having a impression, the paper is placed
after completion of the block, each element prints in the revolving circular head, with against registration tabs to
plate,etc. correct position. The method of either a single serrated edge ensure that the printing is done
Proof Before LetterING doing it varies according to the (the simple roulette), or a in the correct position. The ink
An impression taken before technique. In intaglio printing wider surface dotted or lined is poured over the masking
the lettering (dedication, title, and lithography, needles are in a variety of forms. It is used at one end of the screen and
names of artist, engraver, etc.) pierced through the paper into in some of the dot processes when this has been lowered
has been engraved. holes, specially placed for this (see: stipple, crayon manner) into position, the ink is scraped
Proof WItH LetterING purpose in the plate or stone. with the aim of creating areas across the screen with the
The lettering comprises all the reLIef of tone on an impression; aid of a squeegee. The most
writing underneath or above As opposed to intaglio and may be used either directly important part of the process is
the design on the plate, block, planographic printing, the black on the metal plate or through the preparation of the screen.
etc. Impressions are sometimes areas of an impression taken the intervention of an etching stencils may be applied in a
taken on intaglio plates with from a block cut in relief are ground. A tool similar to the variety of ways, including the
scratched letters before the let- made by inking the raised parts, simple roulette was used, use of filling-in liquid, varnish
tering is properly engraved, or thereby leaving the furrows to particularly in the nineteenth or plastic film. A drawing
with it only partly inscribed. print white. century, to perforate draw- can be made directly on the
Proof (WItH reMarQUes) reProdUCtIoN ings (see: pricking); and, in surface with a special ink which
A “remarque” is a scribbled Before the introduction of letterpress, to make dotted is removed in readiness for
sketch made by the artist photography, a work was lines on sheets destined to be printing after the rest of the
outside his main design which reproduced by either copying it detached. screen has been blocked out. A
is eliminated later for printing identically, or interpreting it as royaL photographic stencil is made by
the main edition. closely as possible if a different A format of paper (620 X 500 initiallysensitizing the screen.
ProVeNaNCe technique to that of the original mm.). sIGHt edGe
A history of ownership. The was used. engraving, wood rUBBING This refers to the work of art
provenance of some works of engraving and lithography were A method of taking an impres- visible to the viewer. The actual
art can be traced back to the the most common methods sion from a relief block with a edge of a painting or drawing
time that they were made. of reproduction. A print is leather rubber or a burnisher may be concealed by the frame
PULP therefore termed reproductive used manually on the verso-of or mat.
The fibrous substance resulting if it is made by someone other the paper. rubbing in lithogra- sILKsCreeN
from the pulping process in than the artist of the original phy. 1. rubbing ink is a soft ink The term usually used in
papermaking. design, as opposed to an applied directly to the stone America for screenprinting.
raKING LIGHt original print which is made by with the fingertip when drawing sIZING
The technique of illumination the artist himself. These distinc- the design. A substance added to paper
of the surface of a work of art tions are many times blurred 2. A crayon or ink drawing may to create a degree of water
(painting) at one side, and at a in contemporary print-making be rubbed with a stump or a resistance.
very low (grazing) angle, which where it seems that these days brush to create a soft effect. soft-GroUNd etCHING
accentuates through shadow anything goes. sCreeN One of the etching processes
effects the contours, texture, restoratIoN The printing element in screen- which aims to simulate the
and other features. damage Usually refers to corrective printing. It is made by stretch- effects of a chalk or crayon
such as cracks, losses, cleav- and restorative measures to ing material (silk, nylon, metal drawing (see: crayon manner).
ages, show up clearly in this compensate for damages, mesh, etc.) over a frame. The plate is initially covered
manner. deterioration and other defects. sCreeNPrINtING with a soft ground. The drawing
reaM An attempt is made to return An ancient method of oriental is made with a hard crayon on
480 sheets of paper. the work, if not to its original printmaking which, consider- paper which has been pressed
198 ARTaddiction